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| releasemodel = Rolling Release / Stable | | releasemodel = Rolling Release / Stable | ||
| packagemanager = [[dpkg]] | | packagemanager = [[dpkg]] | ||
| defaultdesktops = GNOME, [[Xfce]], [[KDE Plasma]], Cinnamon, MATE, LXDE, LXQt | |||
| usagetype = Desktop, Server | | usagetype = Desktop, Server | ||
| architectures = amd64, aarch64, armel, armhf, i686, mipsel, mips64el, ppc64el, s390x | |||
| website = [https://www.debian.org/ debian.org] | | website = [https://www.debian.org/ debian.org] | ||
}} | }} | ||
[[File:Debian 12 Bookworm KDE Plasma Desktop English.png|thumb|Debian 12 Bookworm running [[KDE Plasma]]]] | [[File:Debian 12 Bookworm KDE Plasma Desktop English.png|thumb|Debian 12 Bookworm running [[KDE Plasma]]]] | ||
'''Debian''' (/ˈdɛbiən/),<ref>"[https://www.debian.org/intro/about Debian -- About]". Debian. [https://web.archive.org/web/19990117033720/https://www.debian.org/intro/about Archived] from the original on January 17, 1999. Retrieved May 20, 2024.</ref> also known as '''Debian GNU/Linux''', is a Linux distribution developed by the community-supported Debian Project, which was established by Ian Murdock on August 16, 1993. The first version of Debian (0.01) was released on September 15, 1993.<ref>"[http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/historic-linux/distributions/debian-0.91/ChangeLog ChangeLog]". [[wikipedia:Ibiblio|ibiblio]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170106042725/http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/historic-linux/distributions/debian-0.91/ChangeLog Archived] from the original on January 6, 2017.</ref> | '''Debian''' (/ˈdɛbiən/),<ref>"[https://www.debian.org/intro/about Debian -- About]". Debian. [https://web.archive.org/web/19990117033720/https://www.debian.org/intro/about Archived] from the original on January 17, 1999. Retrieved May 20, 2024.</ref> also known as '''Debian GNU/Linux''', is a [[Linux Distributions|Linux distribution]] developed by the community-supported Debian Project, which was established by Ian Murdock on August 16, 1993. The first version of Debian (0.01) was released on September 15, 1993.<ref>"[http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/historic-linux/distributions/debian-0.91/ChangeLog ChangeLog]". [[wikipedia:Ibiblio|ibiblio]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170106042725/http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/historic-linux/distributions/debian-0.91/ChangeLog Archived] from the original on January 6, 2017.</ref> | ||
Debian adheres to some of the principles of the GNU Project and Free Software<ref name=":0">[https://www.gnu.org/distros/common-distros.html "Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems"]. [[wikipedia:GNU|GNU]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231102171742/https://www.gnu.org/distros/common-distros.html Archived] from the original on November 2, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines "Debian Social Contract"]. Debian. October 1, 2022.</ref> and has been developed openly and distributed freely. The Free Software Foundation sponsored the project from November 1994 to November 1995.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231103150337/https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/project-history.en.txt "A Brief History of Debian"]. Archived from [https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/project-history.en.txt the original] on November 3, 2023.</ref> However, it no longer receives endorsement from GNU and the FSF due to its long-standing practice of hosting non-free software repositories and, since 2022, including non-free firmware in its installation media by default.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231102171923/https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2022/10/msg00001.html "General Resolution: non-free firmware: results"]. Archived from [https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2022/10/msg00001.html the original] on November 2, 2023.</ref> In 1997, the Debian Project established the nonprofit organization Software in the Public Interest to sustain its financial support for development. | Debian adheres to some of the principles of the GNU Project and Free Software<ref name=":0">[https://www.gnu.org/distros/common-distros.html "Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems"]. [[wikipedia:GNU|GNU]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231102171742/https://www.gnu.org/distros/common-distros.html Archived] from the original on November 2, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines "Debian Social Contract"]. Debian. October 1, 2022.</ref> and has been developed openly and distributed freely. The Free Software Foundation sponsored the project from November 1994 to November 1995.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231103150337/https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/project-history.en.txt "A Brief History of Debian"]. Archived from [https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/project-history.en.txt the original] on November 3, 2023.</ref> However, it no longer receives endorsement from GNU and the FSF due to its long-standing practice of hosting non-free software repositories and, since 2022, including non-free firmware in its installation media by default.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231102171923/https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2022/10/msg00001.html "General Resolution: non-free firmware: results"]. Archived from [https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2022/10/msg00001.html the original] on November 2, 2023.</ref> In 1997, the Debian Project established the nonprofit organization Software in the Public Interest to sustain its financial support for development. | ||
Debian, one of the earliest operating systems built on the Linux kernel, remains active in development as of June 2024. It ranks as the second oldest Linux distribution, trailing only [[Slackware]]. The project is managed by a team of volunteers led by the Debian Project Leader, and it adheres to foundational documents such as the Debian Social Contract, the Debian Constitution, and the Debian Free Software Guidelines. Regular updates are released, with each new candidate following a time-based freeze. | |||
Debian, one of the earliest operating systems built on the Linux kernel, remains active in development as of June 2024. It ranks as the second oldest Linux distribution, trailing only Slackware. The project is managed by a team of volunteers led by the Debian Project Leader, and it adheres to foundational documents such as the Debian Social Contract, the Debian Constitution, and the Debian Free Software Guidelines. Regular updates are released, with each new candidate following a time-based freeze. | |||
=== Hardware requirements === | === Hardware requirements === | ||
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The actual minimum memory requirements depend on the architecture and can be significantly lower than the numbers listed in the table. For example, it is possible to install Debian on an x86-64 system with just 170 MB of RAM.<ref name=":1" /> | The actual minimum memory requirements depend on the architecture and can be significantly lower than the numbers listed in the table. For example, it is possible to install Debian on an x86-64 system with just 170 MB of RAM.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
Graphical user interfaces can run on older or low-end systems, but it is advisable to install [[ | Graphical user interfaces can run on older or low-end systems, but it is advisable to install [[Window Manager|Window Managers]] instead of [[Desktop Environment|Desktop Environments]], as they are less resource-intensive. The requirements for individual software vary greatly and should be considered alongside the base operating environment's requirements.<ref name=":1" /><references /> | ||
[[Category:Linux Distributions]] | [[Category:Linux Distributions]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:05, 10 June 2024
 The official Debian logo | |
| Release Status | Maintained |
|---|---|
| Release Model | Rolling Release / Stable |
| Package Manager | dpkg |
| Default Desktops | GNOME, Xfce, KDE Plasma, Cinnamon, MATE, LXDE, LXQt |
| Usage Type | Desktop, Server |
| Architectures | amd64, aarch64, armel, armhf, i686, mipsel, mips64el, ppc64el, s390x |
| Website | debian.org |
Debian (/ˈdɛbiən/),[1] also known as Debian GNU/Linux, is a Linux distribution developed by the community-supported Debian Project, which was established by Ian Murdock on August 16, 1993. The first version of Debian (0.01) was released on September 15, 1993.[2]
Debian adheres to some of the principles of the GNU Project and Free Software[3][4] and has been developed openly and distributed freely. The Free Software Foundation sponsored the project from November 1994 to November 1995.[5] However, it no longer receives endorsement from GNU and the FSF due to its long-standing practice of hosting non-free software repositories and, since 2022, including non-free firmware in its installation media by default.[3][6] In 1997, the Debian Project established the nonprofit organization Software in the Public Interest to sustain its financial support for development.
Debian, one of the earliest operating systems built on the Linux kernel, remains active in development as of June 2024. It ranks as the second oldest Linux distribution, trailing only Slackware. The project is managed by a team of volunteers led by the Debian Project Leader, and it adheres to foundational documents such as the Debian Social Contract, the Debian Constitution, and the Debian Free Software Guidelines. Regular updates are released, with each new candidate following a time-based freeze.
Hardware requirements
Debian's hardware requirements are at minimum those needed by the kernel and GNU tool set.[7] The recommended system requirements vary based on the extent of the installation, with more extensive installations requiring more resources.[8]
| Install type | RAM (minimum) | RAM (recommended) | Hard Drive |
|---|---|---|---|
| No desktop | 256 megabytes | 512 megabytes | 4 gigabytes |
| With desktop | 1 gigabytes | 2 gigabytes | 10 gigabytes |
The actual minimum memory requirements depend on the architecture and can be significantly lower than the numbers listed in the table. For example, it is possible to install Debian on an x86-64 system with just 170 MB of RAM.[8]
Graphical user interfaces can run on older or low-end systems, but it is advisable to install Window Managers instead of Desktop Environments, as they are less resource-intensive. The requirements for individual software vary greatly and should be considered alongside the base operating environment's requirements.[8]
- ↑ "Debian -- About". Debian. Archived from the original on January 17, 1999. Retrieved May 20, 2024.
- ↑ "ChangeLog". ibiblio. Archived from the original on January 6, 2017.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems". GNU. Archived from the original on November 2, 2023.
- ↑ "Debian Social Contract". Debian. October 1, 2022.
- ↑ "A Brief History of Debian". Archived from the original on November 3, 2023.
- ↑ "General Resolution: non-free firmware: results". Archived from the original on November 2, 2023.
- ↑ "2.1. Supported Hardware". Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide. Debian. 2019. Archived from the original on December 28. 2020.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "3.4. Meeting Minimum Hardware Requirements". Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide. Debian. 2019. Archived from the original on January 12, 2021.